不間斷電源(UPS)在網絡數據機房領域應用十分廣泛。在網絡數據機房中安裝UPS(不間斷電源)供電系統越來越普遍。一個設計良好的UPS供電系統能給負載提供質優電源。如何建立一個合理的、安全的UPS供電系統成為大家關注的問題。本文從(cong)UPS供電(dian)系統(tong)配(pei)置各方面進行論述(shu)，以(yi)供同行參(can)考(kao)。

1、對UPS前級供電系統的要求

UPS可以(yi)向負載提供穩(wen)壓精度高、穩(wen)頻、波形失真度小的高質量網絡數據電(dian)源，并且在(zai)與靜態旁路切換時可以(yi)做到(dao)供電(dian)無(wu)間斷。但(dan)要做到(dao)這點，它的前級(ji)供電(dian)質量不容忽視。我們在(zai)設(she)計網絡數據機房前級(ji)供電(dian)系(xi)統時，應考慮以(yi)下(xia)幾個(ge)方面：

(1)前級供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源質量不宜(yi)(yi)太(tai)差(cha)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)應(ying)(ying)穩(wen)定(ding)在(zai)正常范圍(wei)。一(yi)般(ban)地(di)講，大(da)(da)容量UPS主機輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)應(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)380V±25％。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過低，將使UPS備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)頻(pin)繁(fan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因長期處(chu)于欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態而大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮(suo)短它的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命；相反，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過高，則易引起逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)損壞。對于旁路輸入(ru)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)波動也有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)，一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)±10％，額定(ding)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)±15％。如果前級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)化范圍(wei)過大(da)(da)，就會導(dao)致(zhi)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)和旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)切換被禁(jin)止或有間(jian)(jian)斷。因此，如果網絡數據機’房(fang)的(de)(de)前級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)上達(da)不到(dao)要(yao)求，應(ying)(ying)在(zai)UPS前級配置(zhi)合適的(de)(de)抗*交(jiao)(jiao)流穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，但不宜(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子管型交(jiao)(jiao)流穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)或磁飽和穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，因為(wei)(wei)這兩類穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)開機時可產生瞬時高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，輸出(chu)波形(xing)失真度也較大(da)(da)，易造(zao)成UPS故障。

(2)前級供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中不應當帶有(you)頻繁(fan)啟(qi)動負(fu)載，比如經常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯，頻繁(fan)開啟(qi)的(de)空調等(deng)。原因是在(zai)這些負(fu)載開、關機(ji)時會出現瞬間(jian)高(gao)低壓，使(shi)(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路上電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波形失(shi)真度過大，造成UPS市電(dian)(dian)(dian)旁路供電(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)逆變(bian)器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路誤動作，進(jin)而引(yin)起同(tong)步控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路故(gu)障。所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)條件(jian)許(xu)可(ke)下，宜將UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源盡可(ke)置于電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸(shu)入(ru)的(de)前端(duan)。

(3)前級供(gong)電(dian)系統中的交(jiao)流發電(dian)機組容量應(ying)適(shi)當放(fang)大(da)。大(da)多數網絡數據機房(fang)都(dou)備有發電(dian)機組，以(yi)解決(jue)較長時間停電(dian)難以(yi)供(gong)電(dian)問題。但在配(pei)置(zhi)發電(dian)機組時，其(qi)容量應(ying)考(kao)慮(lv)不(bu)少于UPS電(dian)源額(e)定輸出(chu)功率的1.5~2倍，以(yi)保(bao)證發電(dian)機輸出(chu)電(dian)壓、頻率正常，并(bing)改(gai)善其(qi)波形失真度。

2、UPS容量的確定

根據負載(zai)容量(liang)及性(xing)質(zhi)，選擇適當的(de)UPS，既可保證UPS的(de)供電(dian)質(zhi)量(liang)，降低故障率，又可節省投資，提(ti)高經濟效益。一般來說，UPS容量(liang)的(de)確定主要(yao)是要(yao)滿足(zu)當前負載(zai)的(de)需要(yao)，同時，也要(yao)考慮幾(ji)個因素：

（1）UPS負(fu)載容量選型原則:

A.當負載為計(ji)算機負載:UPS容量計(ji)算方法：UPS容量=設計(ji)負載功率(lv)(lv)÷0.8(UPS輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)(lv)因數)÷0.6(UPS主機理想負載為輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)(lv)的60%)=需要設計(ji)容量

B.例如:現在(zai)機(ji)房負載(zai)為60KW

UPS容(rong)量=60000W÷0.8(UPS輸出功率(lv)因數)÷0.6(UPS主(zhu)機理想負載為輸出功率(lv)的60%)=125KVA(需(xu)要設(she)計容(rong)量

C.一般UPS功率為(wei)整數(shu),并且雙數(shu)比較(jiao)多考慮以后擴容因此選擇一臺140KVAUPS比較(jiao)理想。

(2)UPS容量(liang)較負載(zai)(zai)不宜過(guo)大(da)，以免使其過(guo)度(du)輕(qing)載(zai)(zai)運(yun)行。過(guo)度(du)輕(qing)載(zai)(zai)運(yun)行雖有利于降低逆變器(qi)的損壞概率，但可能造成市電(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流過(guo)小而(er)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間偏長，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保護裝置故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)被(bei)深度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，而(er)遭損壞。

(3)UPS容(rong)量不(bu)宜過(guo)小，以(yi)(yi)免使(shi)其長(chang)期處于(yu)重(zhong)載(zai)(zai)運行狀(zhuang)態(tai)。這樣雖(sui)可節(jie)省一部(bu)分投資，但(dan)由于(yu)逆變(bian)器處于(yu)重(zhong)載(zai)(zai)運行，其輸出波形(xing)將發生畸(ji)變(bian)，輸出電(dian)壓幅值抖(dou)動過(guo)大。這樣既不(bu)能為(wei)(wei)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)提(ti)供質優(you)網絡數據電(dian)源，還極易造成UPS逆變(bian)器的損壞，所以(yi)(yi)，即使(shi)從經(jing)濟角度講(jiang)也是得不(bu)償失。根據目前一些(xie)UPS廠(chang)家推薦，UPS負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)量不(bu)宜長(chang)期超過(guo)其額定容(rong)量的80％，60%較為(wei)(wei)理想。

成都欣榮泰實業有限公司成立于2001年，是一家從事弱電工程，機房建設，綜合布線，視頻監控的(de)研(yan)發、設(she)計(ji)、生產(chan)與銷售(shou)一體的(de)高新技術企業。